The topk aggregation in Axiom Processing Language (APL) allows you to identify the top k results based on a specified field. This is especially useful when you want to quickly analyze large datasets and extract the most significant values, such as the top-performing queries, most frequent errors, or highest latency requests. Use topk to find the most common or relevant entries in datasets, especially in log analysis, telemetry data, and monitoring systems. This aggregation helps you focus on the most important data points, filtering out the noise.
The topk aggregation in APL is a statistical aggregation that returns estimated results. The estimation comes with the benefit of speed at the expense of accuracy. This means that topk is fast and light on resources even on a large or high-cardinality dataset, but it doesn’t provide precise results.For completely accurate results, use the top operator.

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For users of other query languages

If you come from other query languages, this section explains how to adjust your existing queries to achieve the same results in APL.
Splunk SPL doesn’t have the equivalent of the topk function. You can achieve similar results with SPL’s top command which is equivalent to APL’s top operator. The topk function in APL behaves similarly by returning the top k values of a specified field, but its syntax is unique to APL.The main difference between top (supported by both SPL and APL) and topk (supported only by APL) is that topk is estimated. This means that APL’s topk is faster, less resource intenstive, but less accurate than SPL’s top.
| top limit=5 status by method
In ANSI SQL, identifying the top k rows often involves using the ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses. While the logic remains similar, APL’s topk simplifies this process by directly returning the top k values of a field in an aggregation.The main difference between SQL’s solution and APL’s topk is that topk is estimated. This means that APL’s topk is faster, less resource intenstive, but less accurate than SQL’s combination of ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses.
SELECT status, COUNT(*)
FROM sample_http_logs
GROUP BY status
ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC
LIMIT 5;

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Usage

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Syntax

topk(Field, k)

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Parameters

  • Field: The field or expression to rank the results by.
  • k: The number of top results to return.

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Returns

A subset of the original dataset with the top k values based on the specified field.

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Use case examples

When analyzing HTTP logs, you can use the topk function to find the top 5 most frequent HTTP status codes.Query
['sample-http-logs'] 
| summarize topk(status, 5)
Run in PlaygroundOutput
statuscount_
2001500
404400
500200
301150
302100
This query groups the logs by HTTP status and returns the 5 most frequent statuses.
  • top: Returns the top values based on a field without requiring a specific number of results (k), making it useful when you’re unsure how many top values to retrieve.
  • topkif: Returns the top k results without filtering. Use topk when you do not need to restrict your analysis to a subset.
  • sort: Orders the dataset based on one or more fields, which is useful if you need a complete ordered list rather than the top k values.
  • extend: Adds calculated fields to your dataset, which can be useful in combination with topk to create custom rankings.
  • count: Aggregates the dataset by counting occurrences, often used in conjunction with topk to find the most common values.